• One of the simplest bedside test
• Shows electrical activity of heart patient. Can have normal ECG and abnormal heart or abnormal ECG and normal heart. Patient may require further test in spite of normal.
• ECG. It is useful for Diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

• Based on Principle of Ultrasound
• Gives important Information about structure and function of heart
• Helps to assess valve structure and their abnormalities
• Gives information about the function of valves and severity of valve disease
• Overall effectiveness of pumping of heart for medical or surgical treatment
• Limitation - Cannot show Coronary Arteries

• Performed on OPD basis
• Patient exercises on a treadmill under supervision of a physician and his/her ECG is monitored continuously. In addition blood pressure and pymptoms are also monitored.
• ECG changes detected during stress test can clinch the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
• Limitation - Significant number of false positive and false negative tests can just suggest possibility of Coronary Artery Disease.

• Coronary Angiography (CAG)
• Invasive test
• Generally requires 24 Hrs of Hospitalisation
• Procedure is performed in Cath Lab
• Carries a negligible amount of risk of complications

The CAG Procedure

• Light sedation may be given
• Patient remains awake in order to respond to Various instructions("take a deep breath and Hold your breath", "cough", etc.)
• The access for Angiography is acquired through an Artery in groin called femoral Artery
• Coronary Angiography can also be performed through arteries of Upper Limb when the access is not possible through groin because of various conditions. When viewed in motion under X-rays, reveals any obstructions or plaques located within the coronary vessels.
• This procedure also helps in recording pressures Inside the heart and allows assessment of left Ventricular function.
• The procedure is then stored on a CD or a video cassette